No, Ahrefs does not have anything equivalent to Moz Spam Score. Moz built this metric specifically to flag domains that share patterns with penalized or low quality sites, giving you a percentage based score that helps you quickly assess how risky a backlink is. Ahrefs has no single metric that does the same thing.
What Ahrefs does offer is Domain Rating (DR), which measures the overall authority of a linking domain based on its own backlink profile. But DR is a strength metric, not a spam metric. A site can have a decent DR and still be low quality or irrelevant to your niche. So while DR is useful, it is not a substitute for spam scoring.
To assess link quality in Ahrefs, you have to piece it together manually. You look at the DR of the linking domain, check whether it has any real organic traffic, see how many outbound links it has, and judge whether the content on the page is genuine or just a link farm. Ahrefs gives you all this data, but it requires you to interpret it yourself rather than giving you a single score to work with.
Moz Spam Score is more beginner friendly in this regard. You get a clear number and a straightforward signal. For teams or clients who want a quick gut check on backlink risk without diving deep into manual analysis, Moz wins on this specific feature.
If spam score is a core part of your link auditing process, Moz Pro is the better tool for that job. Ahrefs is stronger in almost every other area, but this is one gap it has not filled.